Classes and object in JAVA

Classes in Java:

A class in Java is a blueprint or a template for creating objects. It defines the structure and behaviour that objects created from the class will have. 

Here are some key points about classes:

Definition: You define a class using the class keyword, followed by the class name. 

For example:

class Car {

    // Class members go here

}

Properties: Inside a class, you can define attributes or properties, which represent the characteristics of objects. 

For example, in a Car class, properties could include color, make, and model.

Methods: You can also define methods within a class, which are functions that perform specific actions related to the class. For instance, a Car class could have a startEngine method to start the car's engine.

Constructor: A constructor is a special method in a class used to initialize objects. It has the same name as the class and is called when you create an object. Constructors allow you to set initial values for the object's properties.

Access Control: Java provides access modifiers like public, private, and protected to control the visibility of class members (properties and methods). This helps in encapsulation, where you hide the internal details of a class and expose only what's necessary.

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Objects in Java:

An object in Java is an instance of a class, created based on the class blueprint. Objects represent real-world entities and have their own unique attributes and behaviors. 

Here are some key points about objects:

Creation: To create an object, you use the new keyword followed by the class name. 

For example:

Car myCar = new Car();

This line creates a new Car object and assigns it to the variable myCar.

Properties: Objects have their own set of property values. For instance, you can set the color, make, and model of myCar separately from another Car object.

Methods: Objects can call and execute methods defined in their class. For example, you can call myCar.startEngine() to start the engine of your specific car object.

Unique Instances: Each object is a separate instance with its own state. Changes made to one object do not affect others created from the same class.

Reusability: The class serves as a template, and you can create multiple objects from the same class. This promotes code reusability, where you can use the same class to create different objects with similar characteristics and behaviors.

In summary, classes define the structure and behavior, while objects represent real instances created from those classes. They are fundamental concepts in Java's object-oriented programming paradigm, allowing for organized, reusable, and efficient code.